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A Steam-powered Nation.
Rebirth, Patriotism and Nationalism
The Conservative Renaixença and the Popular Renaixença

The Renaixença embraced various and even contradictory phenomena in the literary and social sphere. There was a conservative Renaixença linked to the restoration of the Floral Games poetry competition and to certain sectors of the bourgeoisie and the Church. And there was a popular, republican Renaixença that was related to urban theatre and satirical weekly publications such as La Campana de Gràcia and L'Esquella de Torratxa. The language pitted those who supported a Catalan full of archaisms against those who championed "Catalan as it is spoken today". The leading figures of the Renaixença, such as Jacint Verdaguer and Àngel Guimerà, drew on the outlook of both these tendencies.

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